Shift Welder Resume Samples

4.8 (99 votes) for Shift Welder Resume Samples

The Guide To Resume Tailoring

Guide the recruiter to the conclusion that you are the best candidate for the shift welder job. It’s actually very simple. Tailor your resume by picking relevant responsibilities from the examples below and then add your accomplishments. This way, you can position yourself in the best way to get hired.

Craft your perfect resume by picking job responsibilities written by professional recruiters

Pick from the thousands of curated job responsibilities used by the leading companies

Tailor your resume & cover letter with wording that best fits for each job you apply

Resume Builder

Create a Resume in Minutes with Professional Resume Templates

Resume Builder
CHOOSE THE BEST TEMPLATE - Choose from 15 Leading Templates. No need to think about design details.
USE PRE-WRITTEN BULLET POINTS - Select from thousands of pre-written bullet points.
SAVE YOUR DOCUMENTS IN PDF FILES - Instantly download in PDF format or share a custom link.

Resume Builder

Create a Resume in Minutes with Professional Resume Templates

Create a Resume in Minutes
EB
E Bosco
Ellis
Bosco
274 Alena Squares
Philadelphia
PA
+1 (555) 571 8261
274 Alena Squares
Philadelphia
PA
Phone
p +1 (555) 571 8261
Experience Experience
Detroit, MI
Shift Welder
Detroit, MI
Connelly-Senger
Detroit, MI
Shift Welder
  • Contributing team member
  • Uses various tools provided in the work area to perform welding duties to perform welding duties including but not limited to
  • Perform welding of a verity of different joint types, including Full Penetration single-bevel joints with backing, or double-bevel joints without backing, Piping and Socket seal, Cladding for corrosion resistance, and Hardfacing for wear resistance
  • Perform welding using a 2-axis tilt and rotate positioners
  • General knowledge of manufacturing, methods, and processes
  • Use of lifting devices to move heavy components of weights of more than 35 lbs
  • Mechanical job duties may include the following
Dallas, TX
Welder, rd Shift
Dallas, TX
Spinka Inc
Dallas, TX
Welder, rd Shift
  • Work various shifts and workday schedules including nights and weekends
  • Work in environment with frequently changing temperatures and all weather conditions
  • Work in tight spaces
  • Performing tack welding, spot welding, Numerical Control (NC) or adaptive controlled welding (without manual welding), induction brazing, quartz lamp brazing, single torch burning, etc
  • Assisting punch press operators on assignments requiring services of more than one person
  • Setting up, operating, and adjusting metalworking and/or fabrication machines such as saws, straightening presses, punch presses, shears, roll formers, up setters, riveters, inertia bonders, etc
  • Work at multiple heights
present
Philadelphia, PA
Welder, nd Shift
Philadelphia, PA
Reichert Inc
present
Philadelphia, PA
Welder, nd Shift
present
  • Perform machining to complete the welding task, Assist in developing and building jigs and fixtures
  • Perform sanitary welding and fitting of parts, Perform complex assembly of machines
  • Maintain health and safety equipment in good working order
  • Perform inspection of parts and check quality of welds using a variety of measuring tools
  • Set up resistance welder to include selecting correct tips, posts, arms, tooling, welder control settings, air pressure, etc. to perform operations
  • Follow safe work practices and all environmental, health and safety policies and procedures
  • Work with and coordinates activities with other job classifications
Education Education
Bachelor’s Degree
Bachelor’s Degree
University of Georgia
Bachelor’s Degree
Skills Skills
  • Ability to maintain production part and filler material traceability
  • 3 to 5 years’ experience in producing high quality welds in pipe and plate, or training equivalent (see below)
  • Ability and skill in using inspection gauges (Fillet weld size blade gauges, micrometers, calipers, etc.)
  • Ability to properly complete records and documentation
  • Ability to read blueprints per AWS A2.4, drawings, and specifications necessary
  • Experience welding on U.S. Navy product or vessels would be
  • 3 to 5 years’ experience in a manufacturing or production environment (or training equivalent)
Create a Resume in Minutes

15 Shift Welder resume templates

1

Welder nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Position parts in jigs or fixtures on bench or welding positions
  • Select torch, torch tips, filler rods, and fluxes prescribed by blueprints, welding diagrams, and operation sheets
  • Turn regulators and flow meters to activate flow of gases
  • Set prescribed amperage, gas flow, speeds, and feeds to obtain desired welds
  • Clean parts using solvent
  • Repair welds by referring to rejection sheets and by interpreting x-ray sheets
  • Maintain materials, equipment and the work area in a clean and orderly condition
  • Plan and perform diverse hand and machine welding and associated metal joining and processing operations to fabricate experimental or repair parts. Tools and other special equipment required for engine development or overhaul programs
  • Work from drawings, sketches, schedules and verbal instructions to select suitable welding equipment, holding devices, attachments and help tools required for joining process and make required settings to equipment, gas flows and other parameters to obtain quality welds
  • Prepare parts for welding, align and secure details, program computer controlled welding equipment, make up chill bars and shields. Determine sequence of operation and activate machine-welding cycle or manipulate hand-welding torch to complete welding cycle. Use portable welding equipment as required throughout assigned area
  • Read and interpret X-ray film or utilize black light process to determine extent of repairs required, build up finished machined surfaces and repair cracks and other imperfections
  • Environment, Health & Safety
2

Welder, nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Set up machines with parameters using standard work, blueprints, specifications, etc. Identify characteristics and make changes based on destructive and metallurgical evaluations. Reprogram the machine to adjust within the guidelines of set up sheet and Quality Management System – 20%
  • Operates and monitors basic manual and/or basic to moderately complex semi-automatic welding equipment to fuse metal segments, using processes such as gas tungsten arc, gas metal arc, shielded metal arc, and resistance welding. Includes preparing parts and working with clamps, holds, tack-welds, fixtures, etc. component parts to obtain required configurations and positions for welding. – 50%
  • Detects faulty operation of equipment or defective materials and notify appropriate resource to resolve issues. – 5%
  • Supports, implements, and performs continuous improvement initiatives, activities, and events. – 5%
  • Analyst
3

Shift Welder Resume Examples & Samples

  • Previous Weld II experience
  • At least 5 years’ welding experience
  • Previous manufacturing experience
  • Resumes are required for consideration
  • 2 years of previous Weld II experience
  • Hydraulic manufacturing experience
4

Welder s Assistant nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Operate small hand tools such as grinders , drills and some pneumatic tools
  • Performs all function of SAP system to maintain accuracy of our inventory system
  • Performs quality checks and assures parts are made according to drawings specifications
  • Operate different type of equipment as necessary
  • Ability to cross-train in other departments to fill needs as necessary
  • Keeps work areas clean and safe
  • Supports all facility Continuous Improvement and LEAN initiatives including, but not limited to
  • Able to stand on feet continuously during working shift
  • Able to regularly lift 35 pounds without assistance. Occasionally lift more than 35 lbs. with assistance
  • Must be able to wear required personal protective equipment as required by company policy and procedure
  • Must be able to work flexible hours including days and weekends with little advanced notice
  • 1 year of experience in a manufacturing or warehouse environment is preferred
5

Welder st Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Checks completed parts to ensure compliance to Worcester Plant Quality standards and makes necessary adjustments when required in order to meet quality goals
  • Maintain equipment and perform housekeeping duties as necessary using the principles of 5S
  • Assist team in achieving plant and department goals
  • Fosters an environment that promotes Eaton’s goals, philosophies, and encourages continuous improvement through participation and teamwork
  • High School Diploma or GED from an accredited institution is required
  • Must be able to lift parts up to 35 pounds
  • Ability to Setup Mig, Tig, Heli-arc and Resistance weld
  • Ability to use measuring tape, and variable gauges, such as calipers
  • Ability to read and understand formal, informal drawings, and/or engineering drawings
  • Ability to make prototype parts from rough sketches, selecting tooling etc
  • Working knowledge of the mechanical, electrical, and safety procedures of a manufacturing facility
  • Knowledge of basic shop math and welding symbols
  • Ability to change tooling/tooling parameters
  • Three years experience welding in a manufacturing environment is preferred
6

Welder A Sp-evening Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • One month of previous hands-on welding experience in a professional environment
  • The ability to read and follow written and verbal instructions
  • The ability to read and interpret blue prints correctly without assistance
7

Welder, nd Shift Group Leader Resume Examples & Samples

  • Coordinate the overall assignment of work within the work area with the supervisor to support production needs. Set up welders and machines s needed. Assign people as required
  • Personally instruct, assist, and give technical advice to assure proper welding techniques are followed
  • Train new employees for effectiveness on safe practices and quality assurance
  • Inspect product on a regular basis. Question unacceptable parts before welding, relay issues to supervisor and Quality Assurance. Take appropriate action to address errors
  • Use blueprints, process sheets to insure weld integrity
  • Document any changes and relay information to supervisor
  • Communicate with subordinates to facilitate a comfortable working environment, including monitoring break times and rates
  • Notify supervisor of any part shortages or problems that hinder production demands
  • Develop organizational skills. Keep department neat and orderly. Sweep lines between set ups. Keep tools, gauges, and samples in designated areas
  • Lead SQDCI meetings
  • Lead 5 S program and coordinate with employees to keep for team involvement
  • Participate in training programs and meetings as required
  • Perform daily transactions as essential to production needs
  • Confer and advise supervisor on personnel related policies, practices and discipline matters that would effect and improve employee work performance, morale and working conditions
  • Complete performance appraisals
8

Welder nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • HS diploma or GED. One year certificate from college or technical school; or three to six months related experience and/or training; or equivalent combination of education and experience
  • Identifies material types to ensure that correct procedures and filler metal and/or electrodes are used
  • Operates preheating, welding and cutting equipment
  • Certifies on ASME and Orbit procedure qualifications and test s before hire or transfer
  • Performs all welding duties which includes, but is not limited to, production welding and all welding necessary for the reworking of parts
  • Inspects welding against required specifications
  • Interprets various blueprints and specification sheets containing welding symbols
  • Supports heat treating function as necessary
  • Observes all plant safety rules and reports any unsafe conditions
  • Operates power equipment to load and move parts
  • Observes plant safety rules and report any unsafe conditions
9

Welder, nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Set-up/run RT & UT Quality Vessel Weld Processes – 3 (GMAW, FCAW, GTAW)
  • Set-up/run UT Quality Nozzle Welds – All positions (6G)
  • Know how to run all welding equipment
  • Ability to read drawings, WPS’s/PQR’s
  • Knowledge of PT, MT, UT, RT methods
  • Speed of accomplishing tasks – Fast
  • Must have a strong understanding of how to interpret and use blueprints, welding specifications, and welding procedures
  • Must be able to use and read welding measuring devices to include but not limited to squares, levels, and tape measures
  • 3+ year of experience.(i.e. JohnSmithResume.pdf or JohnSmithResume.doc)
10

Shift Welder Resume Examples & Samples

  • Must be able to work in a highly structured environment, strictly adhering to provided standard work instructions
  • Ability to perform Standard Work (Safety, Quality and Velocity)
  • Ability to train others in Standard Work
  • Follows documented procedures standard work, routings, and blueprints to perform safe and defect free operations to create and machine components
  • Follows and utilizes CPS principles of 5S, Continuous Improvement Idea Reporting, Waste Elimination, and Standard Work
  • Keeps work area in a clean and orderly condition
  • Worker is responsible for process and final inspections
  • Must be able to function as part of a team, willing to be multi-trained and maintain a safe, clean and orderly work area
  • Contributing team member
  • Must have effective communications skills
  • At least one year of welding experience
  • Some experience with Microsoft Office applications (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc.)
  • Intermediate proficiency working with Standard Operating Procedures or Standard Work
  • Intermediate level of proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently)in area(s) related to Manufacturing including: Engineering, Manufacturing, and Shop Operations
  • At least one year of technical service area experience
  • Some experience in design software, such as AutoCAD, Pro E or SDRC IDEAS
  • Intermediate proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently)in reading blueprints
  • Intermediate proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently) in recognizing or describing the mechanical functions and specifications of products and/or parts
  • Intermediate proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently) in verbal and written communication skills
  • At least one year of experience in machining processes
  • At least one year of experience in manufacturing operations
  • Intermediate proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently) in the knowledge Standard Assembly tools and their applications
  • Intermediate proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently)level of proficiency in Mechanical Design
  • Further education (ex. apprenticeship program, trade certificate/diploma or degree from an accredited school or program)
  • Some experience in lifting device manufacturing, testing or inspection
  • Intermediate level of proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently) in MIG and TIG welding
  • One year Lathe and Milling experience
  • Intermediate level of proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently) related to manually operated equipment- Engine Lathe, Grinding, Mill (vertical, horizontal, boring) and Radial Drill
  • Independent decision-making and problem solving to complete job tasks
  • Product assembler experience
  • Ability to provide innovative design for lifting tackle and fixtures for assembly
  • Ability to work independently with little supervision
  • Ability to multitask and prioritize work
11

Welder nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Checks corrugate for the proper size of volutes and cuts to the proper length when necessary
  • Grinds excess weld from seams, edges and gasket seats to improve the fit of parts. Scrapes and wipes down unit to ensure it meets applicable customer requirements
  • Organizes and does the work according to the daily release system
  • Assists co-workers with the assembling and tipping of large units when necessary
  • Uses carbon air-arc and plasma arc equipment when required
  • Must have a Welding Certification from an accredited institution and/or 2 years of Welding experience in a manufacturing environment
  • No relocation provided. Candidates must reside within 50 miles of the work location in order to be considered
  • Must be authorized to work in the US without company sponsorship
  • Arc and MIG welding experience
  • Must be able to successfully pass Eaton’s welding test prior to interview
12

Welder nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Drill holes in metal, for screws, bolts, and rivets
  • Position or tighten braces, jacks, clamps, or bolt parts in position for welding or riveting
  • Weld components in flat or horizontal positions
  • Must be able to lift 50 lbs regularly and 70 lbs occasionally
  • Knowledge of machines and tools, including their uses, repair, and maintenance
  • Ability to pass welding certification testing
  • Ability to effectively interact and communicate with individuals at all organizational levels
  • Ability to conduct self in a respectful and appropriate manner
  • Ability to safely perform tasks and produce a quality product in an efficient and productive manner to meet schedule
13

Poduction Welder rd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Welds or stud welds various types of hardware to part being built
  • Grinds excess weld and trims edges for fit of parts and appearance
  • Operates crane, electric stackers, and other mechanical assists to move, position and unload heavy parts and assemblies. Must know how to operate oxyacetylene cutting/carbon arc torch and how to replace MIG torch body, lever switch and hoses from wire feed to torch body
  • Position not eligible for relocation. Candidates must reside within 50 miles of work location in order to be considered
14

Shift Welder Resume Examples & Samples

  • Uses various tools provided in the work area to perform welding duties to perform welding duties including but not limited to
  • Manual MIG Welding, able to perform 3G and 4F welds
  • Out of position repair of defective welds utilizing carbon air arc process, grinders, etc
  • Ability to clear common robotic welding system faults in all qualified work stations
  • Must be able to inspect own work including quality checks utilizing weld and attribute gages and other measuring tools
  • Mechanical job duties may include the following
  • Use of lifting devices to move heavy components of weights of more than 35 lbs
  • General knowledge of manufacturing, methods, and processes
  • Complete routine maintenance (wire change, tip/nozzle change) in all qualified work stations
  • Rotation to various positions within the Job Function area to perform related activities
  • Follows documented procedures, standard work, routings, and blueprints to perform safe and defect free operations
  • At least 2 years of MIGwelding experience
  • Intermediate level of proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently) in MIG welding
  • Associates degree is highly desired or further education (ex. apprenticeship program, trade certificate/diploma or degree from an accredited school or program)
  • Intermediate level of proficiency (Basic skills/knowledge. Capable of functioning independently) in TIG welding
15

Welder, nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Weld and/or rivet parts according to prescribed methods and specifications, using spot welder and CFM line
  • Perform inspection of parts and check quality of welds using a variety of measuring tools
  • Perform rework operations as required
  • Use Kanban system to assure availability of parts
  • Report scrap
  • Read orders and drawings to determine procedures
  • Maintain equipment and work areas in a clean and orderly manner and maintain5S+ check sheet
  • Train new employees
  • Actively participate in accident, injury and illness prevention activities: Job Safety Analysis and safe working procedures; identify and correct hazards and unsafe conditions; accident, near-miss accident or potential hazard investigations
  • Actively participate in health and safety training and demonstrate competency, based on training received
  • No relocation benefit is being offered for this position. Only candidates that currently reside within the immediate geographical area of Cleveland, TN will be considered
16

Welder A-st Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Have ability to operate various types of welding machines on various materials: Short arc, FCAW on X1050, T-1, etc
  • Operate material handling equipment to move parts and materials, as needed
  • Perform other functions as needed
  • Atmospheric exposure to dust, and vapors
  • Certain personal protective equipment is required
17

Welder A-nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Operate stationary and/or portable grinders and pneumatic chipping hammers to remove excess metal, oxidation and foreign matter from weldments and structures
  • Physical requirements of the job are classified as medium to heavy. Medium to heavy work is defined as exerting 20 to 100 pounds of force occasionally (0-2.5 hrs/day); and/or 25 to 50 pounds of force frequently (2.5-5.5 hrs/day); and or 10 to 20 pounds of force constantly (5.5+ hrs/day) to move objects. Physical demand requirements are in excess of light work
  • Compliance with all applicable occupational health and safety required
18

Robotic Welder / st Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • High school diploma/equivalent
  • Must be able to pass welding test for but joint single V groove weld in 1G position according to AWS
  • At least 1 year of welding experience
  • Ability to use measuring equipment
  • Ability to understand work orders
19

Night Shift Welder Resume Examples & Samples

  • Sets up electrode wire per procedure to prepare welding equipment for operation
  • Positions and clamps work pieces together or assemble them in a jig or fixture
  • Cleans or degreases weld joint or work piece using power equipment as needed
  • Performs duties in a safe, efficient manner in compliance with safety rules and regulations
  • Required to accurately scan and record information in the Oracle inventory system
  • Perform quality checks as required
  • Completes preventative maintenance and other duties as directed by Total Production Maintenance
  • The ability to communicate with supervisors and fellow workers in both written and verbal forms at a level normally acquired through the completion of high school or equivalent is required.Job specific skills, techniques and safe work and equipment operating practices are learned through on-the-job and classroom training. General instructions are given on recurring duties, operations or assignments; detailed instructions are given on new duties, operations or assignments
  • Must be able to lift up to 50 pounds
  • Must be able to work overtime as required
  • Must have welding experience
20

Welder, rd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Setting up, operating, and adjusting metalworking and/or fabrication machines such as saws, straightening presses, punch presses, shears, roll formers, up setters, riveters, inertia bonders, etc
  • Performing tack welding, spot welding, Numerical Control (NC) or adaptive controlled welding (without manual welding), induction brazing, quartz lamp brazing, single torch burning, etc
  • Assisting punch press operators on assignments requiring services of more than one person
  • Operate equipment, manual positioners, weld robot, and forklift
  • Lift up to 35lbs frequently
  • Work at multiple heights
  • Stand for a minimum of 10 hour shifts with minimal breaks
  • Work various shifts and workday schedules including nights and weekends
  • Exposure to magnets that may impact medical devices
  • Kneel, squat, and crawl on knees
  • Work in awkward positions, including forward reach, lateral reach, squat, overhead reaching, twisting and forward head and rotation of neck
  • Work in tight spaces
  • Repetitive grasping, pushing, pulling rotating
  • Minimum 6 months of MIG and/or TIG welding experience in an industrial or manufacturing environment
  • Possess a welding certification
21

Welder nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Clean, assemble and inspect parts per applicable work instructions
  • Identify nonconforming material according to procedures
  • Keeps work area clean and organized, and maintains safety in manufacturing areas
  • Promotes teamwork within the organization
  • Maintains good attendance
  • Requires verbal and written communication skills to convey basic, routine, factual information about day-to-day activities to others who are fully knowledgable in the subject area
  • Previous tacking and tig welding experience required
22

Welder nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Ability to interpret blue prints
  • MIG Welding experience
  • General knowledge of crane operation and ancillary lifting devices
23

Shift Welder Resume Examples & Samples

  • Produce a variety of high quality welds utilizing GTAW (TIG) and SMAW (Stick) welding processes. X-ray quality welds will be required for specific joints, applications, and welder performance qualifications
  • Perform welding using a 2-axis tilt and rotate positioners
  • Perform production and repair welding to castings, forgings, piping, and plate made from a variety of alloys including, but not limited to, Carbon Steel, 70/30 Copper Nickel, Nickel-Copper, Stainless Steel, Inconel, and HY-80
  • Perform welding of a verity of different joint types, including Full Penetration single-bevel joints with backing, or double-bevel joints without backing, Piping and Socket seal, Cladding for corrosion resistance, and Hardfacing for wear resistance
  • Assemble parts and weld joints together with care and safety
  • Perform pre-weld and in-process welding inspections
  • Ability to identify machining discrepancies or welding and casting defects
  • Assist in troubleshooting problems, determining causes, and requesting for repair documentation as needed
  • Verify one’s own work for compliance with the requirements and r eport any deviations from specifications to management
  • Complete all necessary documentation and w ork in strict compliance with company and customer procedures and policies
  • Maintain a safe and clean work environment by following company 5-S practices
  • Assist department head as needed
  • Accomplish manufacturing and organization goals by completing tasks as required
  • High school Diploma or GED is required
  • 3 to 5 years’ experience in producing high quality welds in pipe and plate, or training equivalent (see below)
  • 3 to 5 years’ experience in a manufacturing or production environment (or training equivalent)
  • Experience welding on U.S. Navy product or vessels would be a plus
  • Successful completion vocational training, or a Welding certification program, or the equivalent in proven experience required (Previous employer certifications)
  • Excellent proficiency with GTAW (TIG) and SMAW (stick) welding processes are required
  • Must be attentive to detail
  • Ability to read blueprints per AWS A2.4, drawings, and specifications necessary
  • Basic reading and math skills required
  • Ability to properly complete records and documentation
  • Ability to maintain production part and filler material traceability
  • Ability to see at J-1 Jaeger Visual Acuity is required
  • Ability and skill in using inspection gauges (Fillet weld size blade gauges, micrometers, calipers, etc.)
  • Must be a team player and work well in a group
  • Must be willing to be trained and perform training if necessary
  • U.S. citizenship is required for DOD requirements
24

Welder, nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Pipe; tubing welding experience
  • Experience operating cranes and hoists
  • Able to learn, understand and implement all policies, practices and procedures
25

Welder nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Mig weld components for automotive lifts
  • Place components on paint line
  • Assist in implementation of 6S initiatives and activities with an emphasis on safety
  • Suggest and assists in process improvements which assures safety, quality and efficiency is built into the process
  • Assist in assembly and fabrication processes as needed
  • Ability to be certified in mig welding in the horizontal position
  • Understanding of general manufacturing
  • Must be able to stand up to 8 to 10 hours a day
  • Must be able to periodically lift up to 65 pounds
26

Spot Welder nd Shift Resume Examples & Samples

  • Use spot welding equipment, welds appropriate parts together based on specifications
  • Performs 5S & Continuous Improvement activities
  • Able to lift up to 40 lbs
27

Spot Welder nd Shift Sign on Bonus Resume Examples & Samples

  • Perform a variety of weldments which may involve a variety or number of parts where assemblies may be clamped or involve holding jigs and fixtures to maintain
  • May recommend jigs and fixtures are built to hold work in
  • Determine number of welding points and contact
  • Rig equipment for holding and positioning Change and dress electrodes
  • Instruct others, inspect quality and assist team members. Use rule, scale and fixed
  • Visually inspect pieces and check parts with templates and/or blueprints to ensure proper